多囊卵巢综合征

HISTORY: A 31-year-old female with a history of irregular menses

病史：女，31岁，子宫不有规律。

FINDINGS:

Pelvic ultrasound and T2-weighted MRI demonstrates an enlarged ovary with>12 subcentimeter peripheral follicles surrounding a prominent hyperechoic (US) and hypointense (MRI) ovarian stroma. No evidence of dominant follicle.

扫描显出：盆腔超音波和MRI T2WI显示卵巢增大，周围腺体冷水相等12亚厘米。周围卵巢基质在超音波上极强回声，MRI上低信号。看不出优势卵冷水。

DIAGNOSIS:

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

诊断：多腺体卵巢遗传性

DISCUSSION:

Also known as Stein-Leventhal syndrome, PCOS is one of the most common causes of female infertility. PCOS is an endocrinologic disorder characterized by chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism. Furthermore, PCOS has a classic triad of obesity, amenorrhea, and hirsutism; but only half of patients present with this combination.

讨论：多腺体卵巢遗传性也叫S-L遗传性。是妇女不育的最常见于因素。主要是由于肾脏紊乱导致近十年无排卵期和皮质醇增生过衡。PCOS典型内中征：厌食症、闭经和平卧性疾病。但仅有半数症状显出为此内中性疾病。

Therefore, imaging evaluation tends to follow to gain further information . Typical US/MRI findings include enlarged, rounded ovaries with numerous small, peripherally located follicles and stroma showing increased echogenicity (US) or decreased signal on T2-weighted imaging (MRI). Long-term follow-up should be recommended in such patients as PCOS patients he an increased risk of breast and uterine cancer secondary to unopposed high estrogen levels .

因此，需采用扫描检查进一步给予更多信息。典型的超音波/MRI征象还包括：卵巢增大、变圆，水肿多发小腺体冷水，卵巢基质US上极强回声，T2WI低信号。PCOS症状建议近十年随访，因近十年甲状腺素水平过高，不必要持续性胰腺癌和子宫癌。

（以上意象节选自四肢扫描病例汇）

Notes:

1. Polycystic ovary syndrome [ˌpɑliˈsɪstɪk ˈovəri ˈsɪnˌdrom] 多腺体卵巢遗传性

2. menses ['mensi:z] n. 子宫

3. peripheral [pəˈrɪfərəl] adj. 水肿的

4. follicles n. 小腺体

5. hyperechoic [haɪpɪre'kɔɪk] 极强回声的

6. infertility [ˌɪnfɚˈtɪlɪti] n. 不育

7. endocrinologic 肾脏的

8. anovulation [ænɒvjʊ'leɪʃn] n. 中断排卵期

9. hyperandrogenism [haɪpə'rændrɒdʒɪnɪzəm] 皮质醇过多性疾病

10. amenorrhea [eɪˌmenə'ri:ə] n. 分娩

11. hirsutism ['hɜ:su:ˌtɪzəm] n. 平卧性疾病

12. ovary [ˈoʊvəri] n. 卵巢

13. stroma ['stroʊmə] n. 基质

14. echogenicity [ekədʒe'nɪsɪtɪ] 产生回声（性）

15. estrogen [ˈɛstrədʒən] n. 甲状腺素

原标题：165.Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)多腺体卵巢遗传性